Here we will look at a couple of examples in scripture of things that the New Testament (NT) believers saw a little differently than the Old Testament (OT) writers. Our two passages of scripture, begin with the day of Pentecost in Acts 2, the outpouring of the Spirit and birth of the church followed by Acts 15, the first church council generally referred to as the Jerusalem Council due to where it took place. Out title, ‘this is what was spoken’ comes from the first phrase of Acts 2:16. Our question to be answered is how the events of Acts 2 fulfilled Joel’s prophecy as Peter asserted.
14 But Peter, standing up with the eleven, raised his voice and said to them, “Men of Judea and all who dwell in Jerusalem, let this be known to you, and heed my words. 15 For these are not drunk, as you suppose, since it is only the third hour of the day. 16 But this is what was spoken by the prophet Joel: 17 ‘And it shall come to pass in the last days, says God, That I will pour out of My Spirit on all flesh; Your sons and your daughters shall prophesy, Your young men shall see visions, Your old men shall dream dreams. 18 And on My menservants and on My maidservants I will pour out My Spirit in those days; And they shall prophesy. Acts 2:14–18 (NKJV)
Peter quoted Joel saying that the outpouring of the Spirit would manifest in prophecy, visons and dreams. However, when we read earlier in the chapter, we find that the 120 were declaring ‘the wonderful works of God’ (Acts 2:11). There is no reference to dreams, visions or prophecy. These all came later as directed by the Spirit. Yet for Peter what was happening to he and others speaking in tongues declaring these works was the fulfillment. We don’t know what the 120 were saying beyond this, we do know they had a dramatic encounter with and filling of the Spirit. We also know that they were speaking in the various languages of their hearers from across the Roman empire. Interestingly, this is the only reference to tongues that we have in the NT where known languages are referred to. In 1 Corinthians 14 Paul addresses the need for an interpreter of tongues, not a translator.
For Peter the fulfillment of Joel’s prophecy wasn’t about specific items in the list Joel provided, it, it was about the dramatic outflowing of the Spirit through His people. The Spirit had been poured out and the results were evident, hence his insistence, ‘this is what was spoken.’
We now move to the Jerusalem Council in Acts 15. Here the church met because Peter, followed by Paul and Barnabas, had taken the gospel to the Gentiles. The new church was no longer a sub sect of Judaism. It was now a new movement of the Spirit. Some Jewish believers wanted the new Gentile converts to in essence become Jews through embracing the Mosaic law and a lifestyle change. The elders and apostles debated the issue and James, Jesus’ half brother and leader of the church in Jerusalem settled the matter by quoting Amos 9:11 about the restoration of the Tabernacle of David.
15 And with this the words of the prophets agree, just as it is written: 16 ‘After this I will return And will rebuild the tabernacle of David, which has fallen down; I will rebuild its ruins, And I will set it up; 17 So that the rest of mankind may seek the Lord, Even all the Gentiles who are called by My name, Says the Lord who does all these things.’ Acts 15:15–17 (NKJV)
Here we encounter similar problem as with the Joel passage. The Tabernacle of David was a tent containing the Ark of the Covenant in Jerusalem prior to the building of the temple. It was not the tabernacle of Moses, that remained at Gibeon where the morning and evening burnt offerings were presented (1 Chronicles 16:39-40). The Ark carried the presence of Yahweh between the cherubim, a replica of His throne in the spirit realm. So how do we reconcile the seeming differences? The Tabernacle of David was about open access. The opening of the door of the gospel to the Gentiles was about open access! Thus, James recognition that the restoration of the Tabernacle of David was about open access to salvation, not the restoration of a building.
A side point is that many believers expect the temple to be rebuilt in Jerusalem when the NT points to believers as the present-day temple (1 Corinthians 3:16, 6:19).
My point in all of this is that the fulfillment of OT promises or prophecies in the NT may not look like what we are expecting and we need to seek His wisdom to understand. Thus, if we come across things in scripture that we don’t understand let us humbly and prayerfully seek to understand them depending on the Spirit and our fellow believers.
